EatRight Ontario Print Header

Do you have questions about nutrition and healthy living? Visit us www.ontario.ca/eatright or call us toll-free† at 1-877-510-510-2.

Get answers to your nutrition & healthy eating questions.

Call us toll-free† at 1-877-510-510-2 to speak directly with a Registered Dietitian.

Print this page

Vitamins and Minerals FAQs

Vitamins and Minerals

Can vitamin supplements give me energy or reduce stress? Should I take vitamins for extra nutritional insurance or give them to my kids when they don't eat right? Am I someone who would benefit from a supplement? Can supplements be dangerous to my health?

Before taking any supplement it's important to talk to your physician to discuss your particular needs and to find out how much is too much.

Will vitamin supplements give you energy?

The simple answer is NO. Your body needs calories to give you energy to think, work and play Vitamins and minerals that come in a pill form do not provide calories. Energy comes from the foods you eat. You can perk yourself up by eating well, being active and getting enough sleep.

Can vitamins reduce stress?

Vitamins don't reduce stress, but eating well and keeping active can. Stress is caused by lack of sleep, too much work, too little time, relationship concerns and other factors. If you are feeling stressed it's important to find out the causes of your stress and get help from a health professional if needed.

Should I take vitamins for extra nutritional insurance or give them to my kids when they don't eat right?

Not necessarily! You and your family can get the nutrients you need by following the recommendations in Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide. Vitamin and mineral supplements don't provide fibre or calories, and are not substitutes for healthy eating. Food contains vitamins, minerals, and natural substances called ?phytochemicals? that help keep your body healthy. Plus, food tastes great!

Under certain situations, vitamin and mineral supplements may be recommended.

Am I someone who can benefit from a supplement?

  • Before getting pregnant, women should take a multivitamin supplement that contains at least 400 micrograms (0.4 milligrams) of folic acid. This is to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Folic acid, iron and calcium are also important during pregnancy and can be obtained from foods and a multivitamin.
  • People who drink less than 2 cups (500 mL) of milk or fortified soy beverage daily may need a vitamin D supplement. Foods such as yogurt and cheese provide some but not a lot of vitamin D.
  • Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide recommends a daily supplement of 400 IU (10mcg) for both men and women over the age of 50.
  • Adults over the age of 50 may not be able to fully absorb vitamin B12 that occurs naturally in foods. They may benefit from a daily supplement.
  • Vegans who don't eat any animal products need a source of vitamin B12 either from a supplement or foods fortified with vitamin B12. They may also benefit from a calcium and vitamin D supplement.
  • People with medical conditions such as anemia or osteoporosis may need a supplement.
  • People with very restricted diets, such as those with food allergies, may need a multivitamin supplement.

Can supplements be dangerous?

A single daily multivitamin is usually safe but you can easily over do it with single nutrient supplements. Some vitamins and minerals are dangerous when taken in large amounts. High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy have been linked to birth defects. Vitamin D, iron, zinc and selenium are also toxic in high doses. Large amounts of Vitamin B6 and fluoride also have harmful side effects. Having over 2000 mg of vitamin C, may cause stomach problems and is not recommended.

For answers to the questions:

  • How can my 14 year old daughter get enough calcium if she is lactose intolerant?
  • Should I be taking a vitamin supplement? I am a 20 year old male and eat a balanced diet.
  • I am a 50 year old women and my doctor said that I need to get more calcium, but I already take a multivitamin. How much more should I take?
  • Is it true that I still need to drink milk at my age?
  • What is chromium, and do I need it?

Please see More Vitamins and Minerals FAQs

For additional information and answers to more questions about vitamin and mineral supplements check out the following links:

Glossary

Anemia
Description:
This is a condition in which a person has less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is decreased.
Calcium
Description:
This is the most important mineral for building bone density, preventing bone loss and treating osteoporosis. Calcium also regulates your heartbeat, helps with blood clotting and makes your muscles contract. Milk products, fortified soy beverages, dark leafy green vegetables, and almonds are all sources of calcium.
Fibre
Description:
Is the part of the plant that cannot be digested, also called complex carbohydrates. Fibre can help your digestive tract work, regulate blood sugar, and lower blood cholesterol.
Food Allergies
Description:
A food allergy is an immune system reaction to a substance in food, usually a protein.
Neural tube defects
Description:
The neural tube in the unborn baby becomes the brain and spinal cord. During the early weeks of pregnancy, neural tube defects (NTD) can occur if the neural tube does not close properly. Women can greatly decrease their risk of having a baby with a NTD if they take a folic acid supplement before the baby is conceived and in the early weeks of the pregnancy.
Osteoporosis
Description:
“Osteo” means “bone”, and “porosis” means porous. Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones have become thin and week instead of being strong and dense.
Osteoporosis
Description:
“Osteo” means “bone”, and “porosis” means porous. Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones have become thin and week instead of being strong and dense.
Phytochemicals
Description:
Phytochemicals are compounds that are found naturally in plant foods such as vegetables and fruit. There are thousands of different types of phytochemicals such as lycopene (found in foods such as tomato products) and flavonoids (found in fruits, vegetables and beverages). Phytochemicals act as antioxidants, which can help reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer.
Vitamin B12
Description:
Helps us to convert folic acid to make DNA and blood cells. It is found naturally in foods of animal origin and also some fortified cereals and soy products. Vitamin B12 is not found in plant foods.
Vitamin D
Description:
A vitamin that helps your body use and absorb calcium. Fish, milk and egg yolks are the best sources of vitamin D. Health Canada recommends that adults over the age of 50 take a daily vitamin D supplement of 400 IU.
Vitamin E
Description:
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms. Vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy vegetables, and fortified cereals are common food sources of vitamin E.

Provided by the Ministry of Health Promotion.

Ontario

© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2010